Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) · CHEMISTRY · Unit
Organic Chemistry
785 practice questions
Topics covered
Practice questions
181–190 of 785
Question 181
6 marks · Normal
Answer and see the solution →(a)[2 marks]Butene and butanol are both organic compounds. Draw the displayed formula for butanol.
(b)[2 marks]Explain how you use the structure to identify the correct IUPAC name for butanol.
(c)[2 marks]Describe one key difference in the structure and naming between butene and butanol.
Question 182
7 marks · Hard
Answer and see the solution →This question is about both the coding for the type of organic compound and the coding for side (branched) chains.
(a)[2 marks]State what is meant by an organic compound, and name two main classes of organic compounds.
(b)[2 marks]The compound 3-ethylpentane has a branched carbon chain.
Draw the skeletal formula for 3-ethylpentane.
(c)Explain how the name '3-ethylpentane' shows information about:
(i)[1 mark]the number of carbons in the main chain,
(ii)[1 mark]the type of compound,
(iii)[1 mark]the side chain and its position.
Question 183
7 marks · Hard
Answer and see the solution →This question involves both the type of compound and the naming of branched alkanes, including side chain positions.
(a)[2 marks]Name the type of compound shown by the ending 'ane' in '2-methylpropane'. State what this ending tells you about the bonds between the carbon atoms.
(b)[4 marks]Give the IUPAC name for the following structure, showing all working:
Displayed formula for a hydrocarbon Step 1: Identify the longest chain.
Step 2: Determine the position and type of side chain(s).
Step 3: Write the systematic name.
(c)[1 mark]Describe how the rules for naming branched alkanes make sure that side chain positions are coded clearly.
Question 184
8 marks · Hard
Answer and see the solution →Hexanol is an organic compound containing 6 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
(a)[3 marks]Explain what is meant by structural isomerism in the alkanes, using hexane (C6H14) as an example.
(b)[1 mark]State the functional group present in all alcohols.
(c)[2 marks]Draw the displayed formula for one possible structural isomer of hexanol.
(d)[2 marks]The name of an alcohol ends with the suffix ‘-ol’. Explain how the suffix '-ol' is used in naming alcohols, and apply it to the compound you drew in part (c).
Question 185
8 marks · Hard
Answer and see the solution →Organic chemists use systematic naming to identify complex molecules. The rules for the type of compound and for branched chains must both be followed for names to be correct.
(a)[3 marks]State the name given to the type of compound with the structure shown below. Explain which features of the structure identify this type.
Displayed formula for a compound. (b)A branch is added to the compound in part (a) by replacing one of the hydrogen atoms on the second carbon (counting from the left) with an ethyl group (–CH2CH3).
i) Draw the full displayed formula for the new compound.
ii) Using the rules for branched chains and the type of compound, write the full systematic (IUPAC) name for your structure.
(i)[2 marks]Draw the displayed formula for the molecule described.
(ii)[3 marks]Give the IUPAC name for the compound you have drawn, following the rules for branched chains.
Question 186
1 mark · Easy
Answer and see the solution →State how long it takes for crude oil to form from the remains of sea plants and animals.
Question 187
3 marks · Easy
Answer and see the solution →Crude oil is an important natural resource. Answer all parts.
(a)[1 mark]State what crude oil is a mixture of.
(b)[1 mark]Give the names of the two elements found in all hydrocarbons in crude oil.
(c)[1 mark]Hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil have different sizes. Name one way in which large hydrocarbon molecules differ from small ones.
Question 188
2 marks · Easy
Answer and see the solution →Describe the process by which the soft parts of plants and animals in the sea are gradually converted into crude oil over time.
Question 189
3 marks · Easy
Answer and see the solution →The table shows four hydrocarbons found in crude oil. Use the data to answer the questions.
Physical properties of hydrocarbons in crude oil Hydrocarbon Number of carbon atoms Boiling point (°C) A 5 36 B 10 174 C 15 269 D 20 343 (a)[1 mark]Which hydrocarbon in the table has the highest boiling point?
(b)[1 mark]Describe the trend shown between the number of carbon atoms and boiling point.
(c)[1 mark]Predict the boiling point for a hydrocarbon with 12 carbon atoms, using the trend shown.
Question 190
1 mark · Easy
Answer and see the solution →Name one environmental problem caused by burning hydrocarbons from crude oil.