Absolute zero
2 marks · NormalExplain what happens to the kinetic energy of particles as a substance approaches absolute zero.
Work this out on paper, then compare with the answer and worked solution below. With a free account you can submit written answers for marking.
Show answer
As the substance approaches absolute zero, the kinetic energy of its particles decreases and approaches zero; the particles vibrate less and move less, eventually almost stopping.
Also accept: Particle movement slows down and kinetic energy reduces as absolute zero is reached; at absolute zero, movement is minimal or zero.
Common mistakes: Not mentioning kinetic energy; only describing temperature.
Show mark scheme and worked solution
Marking points
B1 · 1 mark · States that kinetic energy of particles decreases as absolute zero is approached.
B1 · 1 mark · Asserts that at absolute zero, kinetic energy is minimum (or zero), and particle movement is minimal or stops.
Worked solution
As a substance cools toward absolute zero, the particles lose kinetic energy. At absolute zero, the particles have virtually no kinetic energy and stop moving (except for possible quantum vibrations in solids).