Nuclear reactions as a source of energy
3 marks · NormalExplain why shielding is needed around a nuclear reactor. Give two reasons.
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Shielding protects people from dangerous ionising radiation (such as gamma rays and neutrons) and stops radioactive material from escaping.
Also accept: Protects the environment from radiation; Stops escape of radioactive materials.
Common mistakes: Vague about what is being shielded against
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Marking points
B1 · 1 mark · States that shielding protects against ionising radiation (gamma/neutrons).
B1 · 1 mark · Explains that it protects people/environment outside the reactor.
B1 · 1 mark · Mentions stopping the escape of radioactive material OR blocks radiation from reaching outside.
Worked solution
Shielding is used around a nuclear reactor to (1) protect workers and the public from dangerous ionising radiation (such as gamma rays and neutrons), and (2) prevent the escape of radioactive materials into the environment.