Forces, Movement, Shape, and Momentum

A sports car and a large van each experience the same unbalanced force when accelerating from rest. The mass of the van is four times larger than the mass of the car.

Use the relationship F = m × a to explain, in detail, which vehicle will have greater acceleration and why.

A football goalkeeper of mass 80 kg dives to stop a ball and comes to a stop in 0.15 s after making contact with the ground. Just before contact, the goalkeeper's horizontal speed is 5.2 m/s.

A company wants to design an emergency stopping system for lightweight drones. The system applies the same unbalanced force to drones of different masses to bring them to a stop in emergencies.

Explain, using the formula , why lighter drones can be stopped more quickly than heavier drones by the same force. In your answer, refer to how acceleration depends on mass.

State what is meant by the stopping distance of a vehicle.

Give two different factors that can increase the thinking distance of a driver.

Describe how the condition of the tyres and the road surface affect the braking distance of a car. Explain your answer.

A car is travelling at 60 mph. The thinking distance is 18 m and the braking distance is 55 m. Calculate the total stopping distance.

State what is meant by the 'stopping distance' of a vehicle, and name its two components.

A driver is travelling at 30 mph in dry conditions. The thinking distance for this speed is 9 m and the braking distance is 14 m.

Describe how the following factors each affect a car's braking distance.

Give a brief explanation for each factor.